All blood spills including those that have already dried should be cleaned and disinfected with a mixture of bleach and water 1 part household bleach to 10 parts water. Gloves should always be worn when cleaning up any blood spills. Even dried blood can cause infection. However, some people, especially those infected during early childhood, remain infected for life because they never cleared the virus from their bodies.
These people are considered to have chronic infection and are at risk for developing severe liver disease. The American Red Cross external icon does not accept blood donations from anyone who has tested positive for hepatitis B or anyone experiencing symptoms of viral hepatitis. According to the U. Even with a history of hepatitis B, you may be able to donate your organs or tissues. The transplant team will determine what organs or tissue can be used based on a clinical evaluation, medical history, and other factors.
CDC has recently published information about how to assess solid organ donors and monitor transplant recipients for hepatitis B infection pdf icon.
The best way to prevent hepatitis B is by getting vaccinated. The hepatitis B vaccine is safe and effective. Completing the series of shots 2, 3, or 4 doses, depending on the manufacturer is needed to be fully protected.
Only people visiting countries where hepatitis B is common should get the hepatitis B vaccine before travel. The hepatitis B vaccine is safe, and soreness at the injection site is the most common side effect. As with any medicine, there are very small risks that a serious problem could occur after getting the vaccine.
The safety of vaccines is always being monitored. If the hepatitis B vaccine series is interrupted, the next dose should be given as soon as possible. The first dose s does not need to be repeated. Anyone who has had a serious allergic reaction to a prior dose of hepatitis B vaccine, any part of the vaccine, or yeast should not get the hepatitis B vaccine.
Most healthy people do not need a booster dose, but a blood test can be performed to check your immunity and decide if a booster dose of vaccine is necessary. Yes, there is a combination vaccine approved for adults that protects people from both hepatitis A and hepatitis B.
The combined hepatitis A and B vaccine is usually given as three separate doses over a 6-month period. Getting two different vaccines at the same time is not harmful.
Talk to your health-care provider or local health department about getting vaccinated. Some clinics offer free or low-cost hepatitis B vaccines. Most children younger than 5 and people with serious health problems like having compromised immune systems have no symptoms. Up to half of all older children, adolescents, and adults experience symptoms of acute hepatitis B. If symptoms occur, they begin an average of 90 days or 3 months after exposure to the virus, but they can appear any time between 8 weeks and 5 months after exposure.
They usually last several weeks, but some people can feel sick for as long as 6 months. Many people with hepatitis B have no symptoms, but they can still spread the virus to others. Most people with chronic hepatitis B do not have any symptoms, do not feel ill, and remain symptom free for decades. When and if symptoms do appear, they are similar to the symptoms of acute infection , but can be a sign of advanced liver disease. Some people still do not have symptoms even after their liver becomes diseased, although certain blood tests for liver function might show some abnormalities.
Chronic hepatitis B can develop into a serious disease resulting in long-term health problems, including liver damage, liver failure, liver cancer, and even death. There were 1, deaths related to hepatitis B virus reported to CDC in , but this is an underestimate. Talk to your health-care provider if you have risk factors for or think you might have hepatitis B. Since many people with hepatitis B do not have symptoms, blood tests are used to diagnose the infection.
Several different hepatitis B tests are available. Depending on the test, they can determine whether you. Certain tests can even determine how likely it is that someone who is infected with hepatitis B will transmit it to others.
Ask your health-care provider to explain what tests were ordered, when you can expect to get the results, and what those results mean. If test results show that you are infected with the hepatitis B virus, you should consult a health-care provider that is experienced in caring for people with hepatitis B.
This can be an internist or family medicine practitioner, or it may be someone who specializes in treating people with infectious, digestive, or liver diseases. There is no medication available to treat acute hepatitis B. For people with mild symptoms, health-care providers usually recommend rest, adequate nutrition, and fluids. Those with more severe symptoms may need to be hospitalized.
Several medications have been approved to treat people who have chronic hepatitis B, and new drugs are in development. However, not every person with chronic hepatitis B needs medication, and the drugs may cause side effects in some patients. People who start hepatitis B treatment may need to take medication indefinitely because these medications do not lead to a cure. People with chronic hepatitis B should be under the care of a health-care provider that is knowledgeable about this illness like an internist or provider that specializes in treating people with infectious, digestive, or liver diseases and is able to regularly monitor their liver function.
People recently diagnosed with hepatitis B should. When a pregnant woman comes in for prenatal care, she is given a series of routine blood tests, including one that checks for hepatitis B virus infection. Almost all cases of hepatitis B can be prevented in babies born to infected mothers, but these newborns must receive the necessary shots at the recommended times. The combination of hepatitis B immune globulin known as HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine can be given to infants born to infected mothers within 12 hours of birth to protect them from infection.
Nearly all newborns who become infected with the hepatitis B virus develop lifelong hepatitis B. This can eventually lead to serious health problems, including liver damage, liver cancer, and even death. Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all babies to protect them from this serious but preventable disease. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link.
Uncommon adverse effects can include nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, fatigue, and dizziness. Talk with your provider if you experience any of these adverse effects.
If your HIV medication does not contain at least two drugs that work against HBV, your provider may prescribe an additional medication. Pegylated interferon is given as an injection once per week. It can be used alone or with an oral hepatitis B medication.
Patients with both chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis D infection may need pegylated interferon alone or combined with an oral hepatitis B pill. Veterans Crisis Line: Press 1. Complete Directory. If you are in crisis or having thoughts of suicide, visit VeteransCrisisLine. Quick Links. Hepatitis B Treatment for Veterans and the Public. Treatment - Hepatitis B for Patients. Contents Should all patients with chronic hepatitis B be on treatment?
This content does not have an Arabic version. Email address. First Name let us know your preferred name. Last Name. Thank you for subscribing Your in-depth digestive health guide will be in your inbox shortly. Sorry something went wrong with your subscription Please, try again in a couple of minutes Retry. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Lok AS. Hepatitis B virus: Clinical manifestations and natural history. Accessed Aug.
Lok AS. Hepatitis B virus: Screening and diagnosis. Mantzoukis K, et al. Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis B infection.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Hepatitis B FAQs for the public. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis B. World Health Organization. Lok AS, et al. Hepatitis B cure: From discovery to regulatory approval.
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