Textual works are covered in Sections The most common categories and examples are presented here. For the reviews of other works category, see Section Data sets are covered in Section For the software and tests categories, see Sections Audiovisual media are covered in Sections The most common examples are presented together here.
In the manual, these examples and more are separated into categories for audiovisual, audio, and visual media. Online media are covered in Sections Please note that blog posts are part of the periodicals category. Instructional leadership perceptions and practices of elementary school leaders [Unpublished doctoral dissertation].
University of Virginia. Author or Agency responsible for the webpage. Title of webpage. URL of website. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Year, Month Day. Newspaper Title, volume issue , starting page-ending page. URL if from an online source. Villegas, P. Woman is duct-taped to her seat after trying to open plane door midflight, airline says. The Washington Post.
American Psychological Association. Common reference examples guide. Reference examples. Make an appointment. Meet our consultants. Student resources. Bridge Test. SPEAK test. Faculty resources. Middle initial if available Example: Hayes, R. References should have a hanging indent of 0. Books Author. Sapiens: A brief history of humankind. HarperCollins Publisher. Chapter in an edited book Author. Data Author last name, first initial. If you are citing existing data or statistics, cite the publication in which the data were published e.
The date in the reference is the year of publication for the version of the data used. Provide the title of the data set in italics. Then provide any numerical identifier and version number for the data in parentheses without italics, separated by a semicolon. The bracketed description is flexible e. Provide the publisher of the data set in the source element.
ICPSR is one common example. Videos YouTube Video Channel name year, month date. Title of video [video]. To cite the words of individuals featured in a video, name or describe the individual s in your sentence in the text and then provide a parenthetical citation for the video.
For example, someone in an interview may provide commentary you wish to cite directly; you should provide details about who spoke and what they said in the text of the sentence and then cite the video using the parenthetical citation shown. Provide the specific date on which the video was uploaded. Italicize the title of the video. Example: Pollack, S. Jeremiah Johnson [Film]. Warner Bros.
Course Adoption. Handouts and Guides. Tutorials and Webinars. Journal article reporting standards JARS are designed for journal authors, reviewers, and editors to enhance scientific rigor in peer-reviewed journal articles. Available now! Reference Examples. Title Page Setup.
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